9 research outputs found
Artificial Dust Based Attack Modelling: A Threat to the Security of Next Generation WCN
This paper introduces a systematic and novel mechanism for devising a
security attack in the WCN (Wireless Communication Network). The proposed model
involves the implementation of the AD (Artificial Dust) by the intruder,
followed by the execution of the HD (Half-Duplex) attack. The communication
network is based on the deployment of urban and rural scenarios with an unknown
CSI (Channel State Information). Depending on the achieved path loss based on
the distance of the user from the BS, the user with the highest path loss is
particularized for the attack. The formulation of AD divulges the increased
susceptibilities of the secure network specifically for the selected legitimate
user. The parameter of visibility defines the amount of AD present in the
communication channel. Based on the enumerated attenuation created by the
artificial dust, the parameter of secrecy rate is evaluated with varying
distance of the user from the BS and the operating frequency. Furthermore, the
proposed scheme of the HD attack is initiated by the intruder at the specified
valid user. The strategy of the attack focuses on the continuous monitor of the
uplink and attempts the spoofing attack on the downlink wherein the allocation
of the resources takes place. The efficacy of the proposed approach is
corroborated through the examination of simulation results. The assessment of
the proposed mechanism highlights notable characteristics as compared to the
conventional methodology of the FD (Full- Duplex) attack
Half-Duplex Attack: An Effectual Attack Modelling in D2D Communication
The visualization of future generation Wireless Communication Network WCN
redirects the presumption of onward innovations, the fulfillment of user
demands in the form of high data rates, energy efficiency, low latency, and
long-range services. To content these demands, various technologies such as
massive MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output, UDN Ultra Dense Network, spectrum
sharing, D2D Device to Device communication were improvised in the next
generation WCN. In comparison to previous technologies, these technologies
exhibit flat architecture, the involvement of clouds in the network,
centralized architecture incorporating small cells which creates vulnerable
breaches initiating menaces to the security of the network. The half-duplex
attack is another threat to the WCN, where the resource spoofing mechanism is
attained in the downlink phase of D2D communication. Instead of triggering an
attack on both uplink and downlink, solely downlink is targeted by the
attacker. This scheme allows the reduced failed attempt rate of the attacker as
compared to the conventional attacks. The analysis is determined on the basis
of Poissons distribution to determine the probability of failed attempts of
half duplex attack in contrast to a full duplex attac
Behavioral Model For Live Detection of Apps Based Attack
Smartphones with the platforms of applications are gaining extensive
attention and popularity. The enormous use of different applications has paved
the way to numerous security threats. The threats are in the form of attacks
such as permission control attacks, phishing attacks, spyware attacks, botnets,
malware attacks, privacy leakage attacks. Moreover, other vulnerabilities
include invalid authorization of apps, compromise on the confidentiality of
data, invalid access control. In this paper, an application-based attack
modeling and attack detection is proposed. Due to A novel attack vulnerability
is identified based on the app execution on the smartphone. The attack modeling
involves an end-user vulnerable application to initiate an attack. The
vulnerable application is installed at the background end on the smartphone
with hidden visibility from the end-user. Thereby, accessing the confidential
information. The detection model involves the proposed technique of an
Application-based Behavioral Model Analysis (ABMA) scheme to address the attack
model. The model incorporates application-based comparative parameter analysis
to perform the process of intrusion detection. The ABMA is estimated by using
the parameters of power, battery level, and the data usage. Based on the source
internet accessibility, the analysis is performed using three different
configurations as, WiFi, mobile data, and the combination of the two. The
simulation results verify and demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed
model
LGTBIDS: Layer-wise Graph Theory Based Intrusion Detection System in Beyond 5G
The advancement in wireless communication technologies is becoming more
demanding and pervasive. One of the fundamental parameters that limit the
efficiency of the network are the security challenges. The communication
network is vulnerable to security attacks such as spoofing attacks and signal
strength attacks. Intrusion detection signifies a central approach to ensuring
the security of the communication network. In this paper, an Intrusion
Detection System based on the framework of graph theory is proposed. A
Layerwise Graph Theory-Based Intrusion Detection System (LGTBIDS) algorithm is
designed to detect the attacked node. The algorithm performs the layer-wise
analysis to extract the vulnerable nodes and ultimately the attacked node(s).
For each layer, every node is scanned for the possibility of susceptible
node(s). The strategy of the IDS is based on the analysis of energy efficiency
and secrecy rate. The nodes with the energy efficiency and secrecy rate beyond
the range of upper and lower thresholds are detected as the nodes under attack.
Further, detected node(s) are transmitted with a random sequence of bits
followed by the process of re-authentication. The obtained results validate the
better performance, low time computations, and low complexity. Finally, the
proposed approach is compared with the conventional solution of intrusion
detection.Comment: in IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, 202
Ethylacetate fraction of Anthocleista vogelii Planch demonstrates antiobesity activities in preclinical models
Purpose: To assess the anti-obesity effect of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) profiled ethylacetate fraction (EF) of Anthocleista vogelii Planch on pancreatic lipase activity in vitro, and on obesity-related hormones in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats.
Methods: Chromatographic analysis of EF to identify bioactive compounds was performed using LCMS electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) positive mode. Thirty Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 6). Group 1 was fed normal pellet diet, while groups 2 - 5 were fed high-fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks. The rats were treated for 4 weeks from week 10 with 125 mg/kg of EF (group 3), 250 mg/kg of EF (group 4) or 100 mg/kg of orlistat (group 5).
Results: Seven alkaloids were identified in EF, namely, 10-hydroxycamtothecin, moschamindole, camptothecin, moschamine, N6-cis-p-coumaroylserotonin, sinomenine and desacetylcolchicine. The EF of A. vogelii exhibited inhibitory activity against pancreatic lipase with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 8.76 ± 0.110 µg/mL. Rats treated with EF (125 and 250 mg/kg) of A. vogelii showed significantly (p < 0.05) decreased feed intake, body weight, leptin and insulin, when compared to HFD controls. Cortisol, serotonin and noradrenaline were significantly (p < 0.05) increased, but changes in thyroid hormones levels in EF-treated rats were not significant (p > 0.05) when compared to HFD controls.
Conclusion: The EF of A. vogelii demonstrate anti-obesity activities by inhibiting pancreatic lipase, elevating serotonin and noradrenaline, and increasing leptin sensitivity, leading consequently to decreased body weight of rats. However, the clinical use of EF of A. vogelii as an antiobesity herbal remedy requires further studies on its mechanisms of action
Effects of a high-dose 24-h infusion of tranexamic acid on death and thromboembolic events in patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding (HALT-IT): an international randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Background: Tranexamic acid reduces surgical bleeding and reduces death due to bleeding in patients with trauma.
Meta-analyses of small trials show that tranexamic acid might decrease deaths from gastrointestinal bleeding. We
aimed to assess the effects of tranexamic acid in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding.
Methods: We did an international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 164 hospitals in 15 countries.
Patients were enrolled if the responsible clinician was uncertain whether to use tranexamic acid, were aged above the
minimum age considered an adult in their country (either aged 16 years and older or aged 18 years and older), and
had significant (defined as at risk of bleeding to death) upper or lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients were
randomly assigned by selection of a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight packs that were identical
apart from the pack number. Patients received either a loading dose of 1 g tranexamic acid, which was added to
100 mL infusion bag of 0·9% sodium chloride and infused by slow intravenous injection over 10 min, followed by a
maintenance dose of 3 g tranexamic acid added to 1 L of any isotonic intravenous solution and infused at 125 mg/h
for 24 h, or placebo (sodium chloride 0·9%). Patients, caregivers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to
allocation. The primary outcome was death due to bleeding within 5 days of randomisation; analysis excluded patients
who received neither dose of the allocated treatment and those for whom outcome data on death were unavailable.
This trial was registered with Current Controlled Trials, ISRCTN11225767, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01658124.
Findings: Between July 4, 2013, and June 21, 2019, we randomly allocated 12 009 patients to receive tranexamic acid
(5994, 49·9%) or matching placebo (6015, 50·1%), of whom 11 952 (99·5%) received the first dose of the allocated
treatment. Death due to bleeding within 5 days of randomisation occurred in 222 (4%) of 5956 patients in the
tranexamic acid group and in 226 (4%) of 5981 patients in the placebo group (risk ratio [RR] 0·99, 95% CI 0·82–1·18).
Arterial thromboembolic events (myocardial infarction or stroke) were similar in the tranexamic acid group and
placebo group (42 [0·7%] of 5952 vs 46 [0·8%] of 5977; 0·92; 0·60 to 1·39). Venous thromboembolic events (deep vein
thrombosis or pulmonary embolism) were higher in tranexamic acid group than in the placebo group (48 [0·8%] of
5952 vs 26 [0·4%] of 5977; RR 1·85; 95% CI 1·15 to 2·98).
Interpretation: We found that tranexamic acid did not reduce death from gastrointestinal bleeding. On the basis of our
results, tranexamic acid should not be used for the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding outside the context of a
randomised trial
Re-fashioning Old Orientalism: A study of Cartoons by Cartoon Movement on FIFA World Cup 2022 by using Multimodal Discourse Analysis
The current paper focuses on how cartoons can be used as a vehicle to promote stereotypes about a certain group of people. Orientalism is not a thing of the past. Even in the current times, the concept of Orientalism is refashioned. The present study aims to explore the hidden ideology behind the cartoons shared on a Twitter account, Cartoon Movement which is an online platform that binds together the cartoonists of editorial worldwide. The cartoons have been selected by making use of a purposive sampling technique. For the purpose of analysis, the current research paper hinges on the multimodal discourse analysis. The results show that the people of Qatar; an Arab Middle Eastern country, are depicted in a formulaic manner. Certain traits have been attached with them to represent them in a certain light. Moreover, the results show that the cartoons attach certain stereotypical images to the Islamic identity of the people of Qatar. This image-building process can be summarized as an occidental view of the ‘other’. The study proposes acceptance of other cultures, their norms and values instead of a Eurocentric worldview.  
Effects of a high-dose 24-h infusion of tranexamic acid on death and thromboembolic events in patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding (HALT-IT): an international randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
BackgroundTranexamic acid reduces surgical bleeding and reduces death due to bleeding in patients with trauma. Meta-analyses of small trials show that tranexamic acid might decrease deaths from gastrointestinal bleeding. We aimed to assess the effects of tranexamic acid in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding.MethodsWe did an international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 164 hospitals in 15 countries. Patients were enrolled if the responsible clinician was uncertain whether to use tranexamic acid, were aged above the minimum age considered an adult in their country (either aged 16 years and older or aged 18 years and older), and had significant (defined as at risk of bleeding to death) upper or lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients were randomly assigned by selection of a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Patients received either a loading dose of 1 g tranexamic acid, which was added to 100 mL infusion bag of 0·9% sodium chloride and infused by slow intravenous injection over 10 min, followed by a maintenance dose of 3 g tranexamic acid added to 1 L of any isotonic intravenous solution and infused at 125 mg/h for 24 h, or placebo (sodium chloride 0·9%). Patients, caregivers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. The primary outcome was death due to bleeding within 5 days of randomisation; analysis excluded patients who received neither dose of the allocated treatment and those for whom outcome data on death were unavailable. This trial was registered with Current Controlled Trials, ISRCTN11225767, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01658124.FindingsBetween July 4, 2013, and June 21, 2019, we randomly allocated 12 009 patients to receive tranexamic acid (5994, 49·9%) or matching placebo (6015, 50·1%), of whom 11 952 (99·5%) received the first dose of the allocated treatment. Death due to bleeding within 5 days of randomisation occurred in 222 (4%) of 5956 patients in the tranexamic acid group and in 226 (4%) of 5981 patients in the placebo group (risk ratio [RR] 0·99, 95% CI 0·82–1·18). Arterial thromboembolic events (myocardial infarction or stroke) were similar in the tranexamic acid group and placebo group (42 [0·7%] of 5952 vs 46 [0·8%] of 5977; 0·92; 0·60 to 1·39). Venous thromboembolic events (deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism) were higher in tranexamic acid group than in the placebo group (48 [0·8%] of 5952 vs 26 [0·4%] of 5977; RR 1·85; 95% CI 1·15 to 2·98).InterpretationWe found that tranexamic acid did not reduce death from gastrointestinal bleeding. On the basis of our results, tranexamic acid should not be used for the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding outside the context of a randomised trial.</div